supra
Meaning. Above; refers the reader to an earlier part of the same text.
Used in judgments, articles and footnotes to refer to a case, authority or passage already cited earlier, so that the full citation need not be repeated: “Bachan Singh (supra)”. Its opposite is infra (below, later in the text).
Indian judgments use “(supra)” after a case name very often. In academic citation (for example under the Bluebook or OSCOLA), supra is used for books and articles, while cases are repeated in short form.
Example
As held in Bachan Singh (supra), the death sentence is to be imposed only in the rarest of rare cases.
See also
Read more in the study notes
- Excessive delegation, conditional legislation and sub-delegation (Administrative Law)
- Control of delegated legislation: parliamentary, procedural and judicial (Administrative Law)
- The rule against bias (Administrative Law)
- Audi alteram partem: the right to a fair hearing (Administrative Law)
- Administrative discretion and its judicial review (Administrative Law)
- Government contracts and state liability: the administrative-law angle (Administrative Law)