KSLU Corner™ New AIBE previous QP

Labour and Industrial Law I

Semester 2 · 14 topics in 5 units

Past question papers for Labour and Industrial Law I

Unit I 2 topics

  1. Evolution of labour law and the constitutional frameworkWhy labour law grew out of the Industrial Revolution and the retreat of the laissez-faire State, the role of the ILO, the growth of Indian labour legislation, the constitutional provisions that support it, and the four Labour Codes in force since 21 November 2025.7 min
  2. Industry, industrial dispute, individual dispute, worker and employerThe definition of industry under the IR Code and the old section 2(j), the Bangalore Water Supply triple test and the 2026 nine-judge decision in Jai Bir Singh, when an individual dispute is an industrial dispute, and who is a worker and who an employer.9 min

Unit II 4 topics

  1. Machinery for settlement of industrial disputesWorks committees and grievance redressal committees, conciliation officers, voluntary arbitration, adjudication by Industrial Tribunals and the National Industrial Tribunal, and how far settlements and awards bind, under the IR Code with the old ID Act provisions alongside.9 min
  2. Notice of change, strikes and lock-outsWhen an employer must give notice before changing conditions of service, what counts as a strike or lock-out, the notice and other conditions that now apply to every industrial establishment, illegal strikes and their penalties, and why there is no fundamental right to strike.8 min
  3. Lay-off, retrenchment and closureThe definitions, compensation and conditions precedent for lay-off, retrenchment and closure under Chapters IX and X of the IR Code, last-come-first-go, re-employment, prior permission in establishments of 300 or more workers, and the worker re-skilling fund, with the old sections 25A to 25S alongside.9 min
  4. Disciplinary action, domestic enquiry and unfair labour practicesWhat misconduct is, how a domestic enquiry must be held, the Tribunal's power under section 50 of the IR Code (old section 11A) explained through Firestone Tyre, and the unfair labour practices in the Second Schedule with their penalties.8 min

Unit III 3 topics

  1. Trade unions: history, registration and cancellationHow trade union law grew from the Madras Labour Union of 1918 to the Industrial Relations Code 2020, who may register a union, the membership thresholds, and when and how the Registrar may cancel a registration.7 min
  2. Rights, liabilities and immunities of registered trade unionsThe general fund and the separate political fund, immunity from criminal conspiracy and from civil suits, enforceability of agreements in restraint of trade, change of name, amalgamation, dissolution and the penalties under the Industrial Relations Code 2020.8 min
  3. Recognition of trade unions and collective bargainingThe sole negotiating union and the negotiating council under section 14 of the Industrial Relations Code with their 51 and 20 per cent thresholds, recognition of central and State trade unions, and collective bargaining: its meaning, process and the settlements it produces.7 min

Unit IV 1 topic

  1. Standing ordersWhat standing orders are and why the law compels them, the 300-worker threshold, model standing orders, certification, appeal, date of operation, modification, interpretation and penalties under Chapter IV of the Industrial Relations Code, with the 1946 Act sections alongside.8 min

Unit V 4 topics

  1. Equal remuneration under the Code on WagesThe ban on gender discrimination in wages and recruitment under sections 3 and 4 of the Code on Wages 2019, the meaning of same work or work of a similar nature, and the constitutional cases from Randhir Singh to Mackinnon Mackenzie.6 min
  2. Minimum wages and the floor wageThe meaning of wages under the Code on Wages 2019 and its 50 per cent rule, how minimum wages are fixed and revised, the national floor wage, the employer's duty to pay, claims and authorities, and the Asiad and Sanjit Roy cases on paying below the minimum as forced labour.7 min
  3. Payment of wages: deductions and finesMode of payment, wage periods and time limits, the closed list of permitted deductions and their 50 per cent ceiling, and the rules on fines and on deductions for absence and for damage or loss under Chapter III of the Code on Wages 2019.7 min
  4. Payment of bonusHow bonus grew from wartime ex gratia payments into a statutory right, eligibility and disqualification, the minimum and maximum bonus, allocable and available surplus, set-on and set-off, new and public sector establishments and penalties under Chapter IV of the Code on Wages 2019.8 min