Cyber Law
AIBE · 10 topics in 5 units
Part I 3 topics
- The IT Act, 2000: scheme, definitions and jurisdictionWhy the Information Technology Act, 2000 was enacted (UNCITRAL Model Law), the 2008 and 2023 amendments, its chapters and schedules, section 1 and the First Schedule exclusions, the key definitions in section 2, extraterritorial reach under section 75, overriding effect under section 81 and the police powers in sections 78 and 80.8 min
- Electronic records, electronic signatures and e-governanceAuthentication by digital signature (asymmetric crypto system and hash function) and electronic signature under sections 3 and 3A, legal recognition and government use of electronic records in sections 4 to 10, electronic contracts under section 10A, attribution, acknowledgment, despatch and receipt in sections 11 to 13, and secure records and signatures in sections 14 to 16.8 min
- Certifying Authorities and Electronic Signature CertificatesThe Controller of Certifying Authorities and his functions, licensing of Certifying Authorities and recognition of foreign ones, the issue, suspension and revocation of Electronic Signature Certificates under sections 35 to 39, the duties of subscribers under sections 40 to 42, and the offences and penalties attached.8 min
Part II 2 topics
- Penalties, compensation and adjudication under the IT ActThe civil wrongs in section 43 clause by clause, section 43A and its coming omission by the DPDP Act, sections 44 and 45 as raised by the Jan Vishwas Act, 2023, adjudicating officers and their five crore limit under section 46, the factors in section 47, appeals to the TDSAT and then the High Court, and the bar on civil courts.9 min
- Offences under the IT ActChapter XI of the IT Act section by section with a punishment table: tampering, computer related offences, the end of section 66A after Shreya Singhal and the Jan Vishwas Act, identity theft, personation, privacy, cyber terrorism, obscenity and child sexual abuse material, protected systems, compounding, bail, investigation and offences by companies.10 min
Part III 2 topics
- Intermediaries, blocking and interceptionSafe harbour under section 79 and the reading down of actual knowledge in Shreya Singhal, interception, blocking and traffic-data powers in sections 69 to 69B, protected systems, NCIIPC and CERT-In, the IT Rules 2021 with their 2022 and 2026 amendments, and internet shutdowns after Anuradha Bhasin.9 min
- Cyber crimes under the BNS and BNSSThe Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita sections used for cyber crime (organised crime, cheating, forgery of electronic records, defamation, voyeurism, stalking, obscenity, intimidation, extortion), how they overlap with the IT Act after Sharat Babu Digumarti, and the BNSS provisions on e-FIR, zero FIR, electronic summons, digital evidence, videography and trials in electronic mode.8 min
Part IV 2 topics
- Electronic evidence under the BSAElectronic records as documents and evidence under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, primary evidence Explanations 4 to 7, section 63 and the two-part Schedule certificate with hash values, the presumptions on electronic records, the Examiner of Electronic Evidence, and the line of cases from Navjot Sandhu and Anvar to Arjun Panditrao Khotkar.8 min
- Data protection and privacyPrivacy as a fundamental right after Puttaswamy, sections 43A, 72 and 72A of the IT Act and the 2011 SPDI Rules, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 section by section, with the DPDP Rules, 2025 and the phased commencement notified on 13 November 2025.9 min