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Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita

Semester 3 · 25 topics in 5 units

Past question papers for Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita

Unit I 4 topics

  1. Criminal procedure: meaning, background and salient features of the BNSSWhat procedural criminal law does, how the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, its main new features, and the constitutional guarantees under Articles 14, 20, 21 and 22 that every procedure must satisfy.7 min
  2. Definitions, classification of offences, and the courts, prosecution and police under the BNSSThe key definitions in section 2 of the BNSS (bail, bail bond, bond, audio-video electronic means, victim, investigation), how offences are classified, the classes of criminal courts and their sentencing powers, and the organisation and duties of the prosecution and police.8 min
  3. Initiation of a criminal case: FIR, Zero FIR, preliminary enquiry, investigation and complaintHow a criminal case begins under the BNSS: information in cognizable cases under section 173 (including Zero FIR and e-FIR), the new preliminary enquiry, remedies when the police refuse to register, non-cognizable information, the stages and powers of investigation, and the private complaint.8 min
  4. Arrest: concept, procedure, safeguards, proclamation and handcuffingWhen the police may arrest without warrant under section 35 of the BNSS, the notice of appearance, how an arrest is made, the rights of the arrested person, information about arrested persons, the 24-hour rule and remand, the proclaimed offender, and the new handcuffing provision.9 min

Unit II 4 topics

  1. Cognizance, dismissal of complaints, commencement of proceedings and limitationHow a Magistrate takes cognizance under section 210 of the BNSS, the bars requiring sanction or a particular complainant, examination of the complainant and the new hearing for the accused, dismissal of complaints, issue of process and supply of copies, the new timelines, and the period of limitation for taking cognizance.8 min
  2. Framing of charge and joinder of chargesWhat a charge is and what it must contain under sections 234 to 240 of the BNSS, the effect of errors, alteration of charge, the rule of a separate charge for every distinct offence in section 241 and its exceptions, joint trial of several accused, and the new limits on time for framing charges.7 min
  3. Processes to compel appearance and production of thingsSummons and its service, including service by electronic communication; warrants of arrest and bailable warrants; proclamation and attachment; bonds for appearance; summons to produce documents and electronic devices, search warrants and videography of searches; and the exercise of powers by a successor-in-office.6 min
  4. Bail, anticipatory bail and bondsBail as of right in bailable offences, discretionary bail in non-bailable offences under section 480 of the BNSS, the maximum detention of undertrials, default bail, anticipatory bail under section 482, the special powers of the High Court and Court of Session, and the law on bonds, sureties and forfeiture.9 min

Unit III 6 topics

  1. Trial before a Court of SessionThe stages of a sessions trial under sections 248 to 260 of the BNSS, from commitment and the prosecutor's opening, through discharge, framing of charge, plea of guilt, prosecution evidence, examination of the accused, acquittal at half time, defence and arguments, to judgment and the hearing on sentence, with the new time limits.6 min
  2. Trial of warrant-cases and summons-cases by Magistrates, and summary trialsThe two procedures for warrant-cases (on a police report and otherwise), the simpler summons-case procedure without a formal charge, conversion of summons-cases into warrant-cases, and summary trials under sections 283 to 288 of the BNSS with their significance.5 min
  3. Jurisdiction in inquiries and trials, evidence, and general provisions as to inquiries and trialsWhere an offence may be inquired into and tried under sections 197 to 209 of the BNSS, the rules for taking and recording evidence including audio-video evidence, and the general provisions on double jeopardy, legal aid, adjournments, examination of the accused, adding accused persons, withdrawal from prosecution and trial in absentia.7 min
  4. Compounding of offences and plea bargainingCompounding under section 359 of the BNSS, the two tables of offences compoundable without and with the court's permission, who may compound, its effect as an acquittal, quashing of non-compoundable cases on settlement, and the plea bargaining scheme in Chapter XXIII with its new thirty-day limit.7 min
  5. Concurrent and consecutive sentences; appeals, revision and referenceHow sentences for several offences run under sections 25 and 467 of the BNSS; the right of appeal, the bars on appeal after a plea of guilty and in petty cases, appeals by the State and the victim, the powers of the appellate court; revision by the High Court and Sessions Judge; and reference to the High Court.9 min
  6. Security for keeping the peace and good behaviour; maintenance of wives, children and parentsPreventive security proceedings under sections 125 to 143 of the BNSS, with the time limits on bonds and the procedure before an Executive Magistrate, and the summary remedy of maintenance under sections 144 to 147: who may claim, interim maintenance, alteration, cancellation and enforcement.10 min

Unit IV 7 topics

  1. Judgment: pronouncement, contents and orders after convictionChapter XXIX of the BNSS (sections 392 to 406): the 45-day limit for pronouncing judgment, the three modes of delivery, what a judgment must contain, special reasons for a death sentence, the bar on review, free copies to the accused, and the orders a court may add on conviction.6 min
  2. Transfer of criminal casesChapter XXXIII of the BNSS (sections 446 to 452): transfer by the Supreme Court, the High Court and the Sessions Judge, withdrawal and recall by Sessions Judges and Magistrates, the grounds for transfer, and the reasonable-apprehension test from Gurcharan Das Chadha, Maneka Sanjay Gandhi, Zahira Sheikh and K. Anbazhagan.6 min
  3. Execution, suspension, remission and commutation of sentences; mercy petitionsChapter XXXIV of the BNSS (sections 453 to 477): executing death sentences, imprisonment and fines, set-off of pre-trial detention, the new mercy petition procedure in section 472, the executive power to suspend, remit and commute, the 14-year floor for lifers, and the cases from Maru Ram and Kehar Singh to Sriharan and Bilkis Bano.7 min
  4. Disposal of property: photography, videography and time-bound releaseChapter XXXVI of the BNSS (sections 497 to 505): interim custody of case property, the new 14-day statement, photography and videography and 30-day disposal rule, orders at the end of the trial, the innocent purchaser, restoration of immovable property, and police seizures with no claimant, with Sunderbhai Ambalal Desai.6 min
  5. Preventive action of the policeChapter XII of the BNSS (sections 168 to 172): the police duty to prevent cognizable offences, passing on information of a design, preventive arrest without warrant and the 24-hour limit, protecting public property, and the new power to detain or remove a person who disobeys lawful directions, with Ahmed Noormohmed Bhatti.5 min
  6. Irregular proceedingsChapter XXXVII of the BNSS (sections 506 to 512): irregularities that do not vitiate (section 506), those that make proceedings void (section 507), wrong place of trial, defective confessions, errors in the charge, and the general failure-of-justice test in section 511, with Willie Slaney and Bhooraji.6 min
  7. Protection of victims: compensation and treatmentThe victim under the BNSS: compensation out of fine and by the accused (section 395), the Victim Compensation Scheme run by the Legal Services Authorities (section 396), free medical treatment by every hospital (section 397), witness protection (section 398) and the victim's other rights, with Hari Kishan, Ankush Shivaji Gaikwad, Suresh and Mallikarjun Kodagali.6 min

Unit V 4 topics

  1. Juvenile Justice Act, 2015: salient features and the Juvenile Justice BoardThe Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 as amended in 2021: background, the two classes of children, petty, serious and heinous offences, the general principles in section 3, determination of age, and the composition, powers and functions of the Juvenile Justice Board under sections 4 to 9.7 min
  2. Juvenile Justice Act: procedure for children in conflict with lawChapter IV of the JJ Act, 2015: apprehension and production within 24 hours, bail as the rule, the four-month inquiry, preliminary assessment of sixteen to eighteen year olds for heinous offences, the orders the Board may pass, trial as an adult by the Children's Court, observation homes, special homes and places of safety, with Shilpa Mittal and Barun Chandra Thakur.7 min
  3. Juvenile Justice Act: children in need of care and protection, the Child Welfare Committee and rehabilitationWho is a child in need of care and protection (section 2(14)); the constitution, powers and functions of the Child Welfare Committee (sections 27 to 30) as amended in 2021; production, inquiry and orders (sections 31 to 38); and rehabilitation and social re-integration through restoration, foster care, sponsorship, aftercare, adoption and child care institutions (sections 39 to 55).7 min
  4. The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958Scope and objects of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958: release after admonition (section 3), release on probation of good conduct and supervision orders (section 4), compensation and costs (section 5), offenders under twenty-one (section 6), breach of conditions, appeal and revision (section 11), removal of disqualification (section 12), and probation officers and their duties (sections 13 and 14).8 min