reddendo singula singulis

Literally “by referring each to each”. When a provision contains two lists, the items are read distributively, pairing each word in the first list with the matching word in the second, rather than applying every word to every item. The classic illustration: “if anyone shall draw or load any sword or gun” is read as draw a sword or load a gun, since one does not load a sword.

The rule is an aid to finding the sensible meaning; it yields to clear words or a contrary context. It is related to, but different from, noscitur a sociis (a word takes colour from its companions) and ejusdem generis (general words following specific ones are limited to the same kind).

Example

Reading the provision reddendo singula singulis, “executors and administrators appointed or confirmed” means executors appointed and administrators confirmed.

See also

noscitur a sociis · ejusdem generis · literal rule

Read more in the study notes

• Secondary rules: noscitur a sociis, ejusdem generis, reddendo singula singulis, expressio unius (Interpretation of Statutes and Principles of Legislation)